{"id":25255,"date":"2026-04-30T23:13:49","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T22:13:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/?p=25255"},"modified":"2026-04-30T23:19:06","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T22:19:06","slug":"digitalna-rekonstrukcija-i-fizicka-reprodukcija-srednjevekovnog-dinara-faza-iii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/digitalna-rekonstrukcija-i-fizicka-reprodukcija-srednjevekovnog-dinara-faza-iii\/","title":{"rendered":"Digitalna rekonstrukcija i fizi\u010dka reprodukcija srednjevekovnog dinara &#8211; FAZA III"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>3. Kovanje nov\u010di\u0107a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ru\u010dno kovanje se jo\u0161 iz doba Rimskog carstva pa sve do Renesanse radilo na na\u010din da se donji kalup \u201eukopava\u201c u panj. Na ukopani kalup se postavljao blanko nov\u010di\u0107, preko kog ide gornji kalup &#8211; udara\u010d okrenut na dole, i udarom \u010deki\u0107a o udara\u010d utiskujemo reljef na nov\u010di\u0107.<br>Proces kovanja mo\u017eemo videti ovde: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Z1eCShDvxkY\">Our first visit to the York Stamp and Coin Fair 2023 | with Dominic Chorney Ancient Coin Specialist<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-30.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"785\" height=\"489\" src=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-30.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-30.png 785w, https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-30-300x187.png 300w, https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-30-768x478.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 785px) 100vw, 785px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ise\u010dak iz videa: panj sa kalupima<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-31.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"373\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-31.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-31.png 373w, https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-31-207x300.png 207w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 373px) 100vw, 373px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Alat za kovanje: kalup sa \u0161iljkom koji se ubada u panj i gornji kalup &#8211; udara\u010d<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><br>Za potrebe kovanja osmi\u0161ljen je poseban \u010deli\u010dni nosa\u010d kao savremeni doprinos tradicionalnom na\u010dinu ru\u010dnog kovanja. Nosa\u010d je osmi\u0161ljen da bi smanjili pojavu gre\u0161aka, pojednostavili sam proces i najbitinije da bi kova\u010dnici dali mobilnost. Sa ovim nosa\u010dem kova\u010dnica nije vezana za jedno mesto i ne zauzima velik prostor. Da stabilnost kalupa ne bi zavisila od snage kova\u010da, nosa\u010d vr\u0161i tu funkciju i proces postaje jednostavniji i precizniji. Na slici je model nosa\u010da koji je proizveden od \u010delika.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-32.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"806\" height=\"478\" src=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-32.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25258\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-32.png 806w, https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-32-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-32-768x455.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 806px) 100vw, 806px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Na bazi \u010deli\u010dnog nosa\u010da je zavaren kru\u017eni dr\u017ea\u010d u koji \u0107e se smestiti kalup za revers, okrenut ka gore. Na njega ide blanko kalajni nov\u010di\u0107, preko nov\u010di\u0107a ide kalup udara\u010d na kom je avers nov\u010di\u0107a, okrenut ka dole. Kada se sve smesti u nosa\u010de potrebno je udariti \u010deki\u0107em po gornjem kalupu. Sam izgled kalupa i sistem je isti kao u tradicionalnoj metodi. \u0160to je ja\u010di udar \u010deki\u0107em to \u0107e reljef biti dublji.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-33.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"804\" height=\"453\" src=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-33.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-33.png 804w, https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-33-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-33-768x433.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fotografija kalupa i nosa\u010da kalupa<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-34.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"797\" height=\"448\" src=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-34.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-34.png 797w, https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-34-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-34-768x432.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 797px) 100vw, 797px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fotografija kalupa i nosa\u010da kalupa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Finalni rezultat:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-35.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"366\" height=\"371\" data-id=\"25266\" src=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-35-edited-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-35-edited-1.png 366w, https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-35-edited-1-296x300.png 296w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 366px) 100vw, 366px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Avers nov\u010di\u0107a: kralj Stefan Dragutin sa sinom<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-36.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"366\" height=\"366\" data-id=\"25265\" src=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-36-edited-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25265\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-36-edited-1.png 366w, https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-36-edited-1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-36-edited-1-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 366px) 100vw, 366px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Revers nov\u010di\u0107a: Isus dr\u017ei Jevan\u0111elje<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tehni\u010dka ograni\u010denja ovog procesa su vidljiva i na fotografijama finalnog rezultata. Pri slabijem udaru desi se da je reljef pli\u0107i. Tako\u0111e mo\u017ee da se desi da nov\u010di\u0107 pri postavljanju izme\u0111u kalupa ne bude centriran ili da udarac bude iz nekog ugla pa je tako\u0111e i sam reljef decentriran. Ve\u0107ina nov\u010di\u0107a koja je pa\u017eljivo postavljena u kalup ima reljef centralno otisnut ali manji procenat istih mo\u017ee da ima neke decentri\u010dne nedostake kao na primerima sa slike. Sa istim problemom su se susretali i kova\u010di srednjeg veka. Ove nepravilnosti zapravo daju autenti\u010dnost i karakter samom proizvodu, i \u010dini ih sli\u010dnijim originalu.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Ispitivanje proizvoda kroz anketu:<\/strong><br><br>Verodostojnost i autenti\u010dnost ovog proizvoda je ispitana i analizirana kroz anketu. Anketa je sa\u010dinjena od nekoliko op\u0161tih pitanja koja su nas uputila samom ispitaniku&nbsp; (pol, starosti i delatnost kojom se bave). U anketi je u\u010destvovalo 54 ispitanika, najvi\u0161e ispitanika (68,5% ) je bilo izme\u0111u 15 i 35 godina, skoro podjednako i mu\u0161kog i \u017eenskog pola.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-37.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"653\" height=\"717\" src=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-37.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-37.png 653w, https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-37-273x300.png 273w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 653px) 100vw, 653px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Drugi deo ankete je bio vezan za sam proizvod. Ra\u0111ena je procena i ocena verodostojnosti reprodukta, procena zainteresovanosti i cena koju su ispitanici spremni da izdvoje za ovakav primerak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-38.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"722\" height=\"651\" src=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-38.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25268\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-38.png 722w, https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-38-300x270.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 722px) 100vw, 722px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na pitanje da li bi kupili ovakav proizvod 44, 4% ispitanika je reklo da, 31,5% bi reklo mo\u017eda i 24,1% je reklo ne. Novac koji su ispitanici spremni da izdvoje kre\u0107e se u rangu izme\u0111u 500 i 3000 dinara po nov\u010di\u0107u. Po ocenama ispitanika replika nov\u010di\u0107a je verodostojna originalu i dobila je srednju ocenu 3,98. Op\u0161ti utisak je veoma visok, ocene 4 i 5 u zbiru \u010dine preko 70%. Obzirom na rezultate smatra se da je replika verno izra\u0111ena.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-39.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"914\" height=\"435\" src=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-39.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-25269\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-39.png 914w, https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-39-300x143.png 300w, https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-39-768x366.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 914px) 100vw, 914px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zaklju\u010dak:<br><\/strong>Ovo istra\u017eivanje je dosta uspe\u0161no pokazalo da se primenom 3D sofvera, kroz modelovanje, i laserskog graviranja mo\u017ee izvesti ekonomi\u010dan i vizuelno verodostojan reprodukt srednjovekovnog dinara, \u010dak i bez direktnog pristupa originalnim kovanicama. Finalni proizvod nije u potpunosti metri\u010dki precizan i treba ga posmatrati kao pribli\u017enu vizuelnu reprodukciju sredjnjevekovne kovanice.<br>Proces fabrikacije koji obuhvata izradu \u010deli\u010dnih kalupa i ru\u010dno kovanje kalajnih nov\u010di\u0107a, pokazao se kao efikasan i ekonomski isplativ metod. Iako sam proces kovanja ima tehni\u010dka ograni\u010denja koja stvaraju odre\u0111ene nepravilnosti, one ne umanjuju kvalitet, ve\u0107 doprinose autenti\u010dnosti finalnog proizvoda. Tako\u0111e, proces kovanja je takav da omogu\u0107ava interaktivnu fabrikaciju gde kupac ima ulogu posmatra\u010da ili u\u010desnika u zavr\u0161nom koraku izrade reprodukta kao suvenira.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>3. Kovanje nov\u010di\u0107a: Ru\u010dno kovanje se jo\u0161 iz doba Rimskog carstva pa sve do Renesanse radilo na na\u010din da se donji kalup \u201eukopava\u201c u panj. Na ukopani kalup se postavljao blanko nov\u010di\u0107, preko kog ide gornji kalup &#8211; udara\u010d okrenut na dole, i udarom \u010deki\u0107a o udara\u010d utiskujemo reljef na nov\u010di\u0107.Proces kovanja mo\u017eemo videti ovde:&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/digitalna-rekonstrukcija-i-fizicka-reprodukcija-srednjevekovnog-dinara-faza-iii\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Digitalna rekonstrukcija i fizi\u010dka reprodukcija srednjevekovnog dinara &#8211; FAZA III<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":758,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[296,756,757,762,763,760,761,758,759],"coauthors":[755],"class_list":["post-25255","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-radovi","tag-3d-modeling","tag-digitalna-rekonstrukcija","tag-dinar","tag-fabrikovanje","tag-kovanje","tag-kulturno-naslede","tag-modelovanje","tag-reprodukcija","tag-srednjevekovni-novac","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25255","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/758"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25255"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25255\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25273,"href":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25255\/revisions\/25273"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25255"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25255"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25255"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=25255"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}