{"id":23893,"date":"2025-10-10T21:07:19","date_gmt":"2025-10-10T20:07:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/?p=23893"},"modified":"2025-10-11T08:55:15","modified_gmt":"2025-10-11T07:55:15","slug":"modularna-heklica-faza-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/modularna-heklica-faza-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Modularna heklica &#8211; faza 3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>U zavr\u0161noj fazi istra\u017eivanja analizirana je funkcionalnost i stabilnost modularne heklice kroz razli\u010dite varijacije dimenzija i spojeva. Cilj je bio da se proveri koliko sistem mo\u017ee da se prilago\u0111ava, koliko je prakti\u010dan za upotrebu i da li predlo\u017eeno re\u0161enje zaista donosi u\u0161tedu materijala i bolju ergonomiju u pore\u0111enju sa klasi\u010dnim modelima<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Variranje parametara<\/strong> U ovoj fazi menjane su osnovne karakteristike heklice \u2014 <strong>du\u017eina segmenata<\/strong>, <strong>debljina zidova<\/strong>, <strong>pre\u010dnik spoja<\/strong> i <strong>ja\u010dina magneta<\/strong> \u2014 kako bi se ispitalo kako svaka od njih uti\u010de na te\u017einu, stabilnost i ose\u0107aj prilikom dr\u017eanja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Dimenzije heklice i osnovne mere<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Standardne heklice imaju slede\u0107e veli\u010dine:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>brojevi 2 \u2013 12 mm<\/strong> ozna\u010davaju <strong>pre\u010dnik vrha (kuke)<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>du\u017eina alata: <strong>13 \u2013 15 cm<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pre\u010dnik dr\u0161ke: oko <strong>10 \u2013 12 mm<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Za potrebe modela koristi se srednja vrednost:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ukupna du\u017eina heklice <strong>L = 140 mm<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0161irina svakog dela (po preseku) <strong>6 mm<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Spoj izme\u0111u polovina<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Zami\u0161ljeno je da se dve polovine <strong>magnetno privla\u010de du\u017e cele linije spoja<\/strong>, \u0161irine oko <strong>1 mm<\/strong>.<br>Kontaktna povr\u0161ina:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A=Lxb=140mmx1mm=140mm2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-10-014945.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"595\" src=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-10-014945-1024x595.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23966\" style=\"width:398px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-10-014945-1024x595.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-10-014945-300x174.png 300w, https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-10-014945-768x446.png 768w, https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-10-014945.png 1160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Potrebna sila dr\u017eanja<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Prose\u010dna sila kojom se heklica pritiska tokom heklanja iznosi pribli\u017eno Fr=5N (pritisak pri ubodu u materijal i povla\u010denju niti).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Da se heklica ne razdvoji, magnetni spoj mora biti <strong>bar 2\u00d7 ja\u010di<\/strong> (bezbednosni faktor 2): Fm=10N<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Izbor magnetnog materijala<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Koristi se <strong>neodimijum (NdFeB)<\/strong> magnetna traka ili sloj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Svaka ivica preseka ima po <strong>traku magnetne gume debljine 1 mm<\/strong>, te trake su zalepljene ili ulivene u telo heklice tokom modelovanja.<br>Specifi\u010dna privla\u010dna sila:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>p = 0.7N\/cm2 do 1.2N\/cm2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Potrebna povr\u0161ina za silu od 10 N:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A = F\/P = 10\/1 = 10cm2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>povr\u0161ina je 1.4cm2, \u0161to zna\u010di da bi sila bila:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>F = p x A = 1 x 1.4 = 1.4N<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To zna\u010di da <strong>magnetni sloj sam po sebi nije dovoljan<\/strong>.<br>Zato se predla\u017ee <strong>kombinovano re\u0161enje<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>magnetna sila slu\u017ei <strong>za stabilizaciju spoja<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dodatni <strong>gumeni sloj (trenje)<\/strong> pove\u0107ava efektivnu silu dr\u017eanja.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ja\u010dina spoja kod kombinovanog sistema<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ako gumeni sloj doda trenje Ft=4N, a magnet Fm=1.4N,<br>ukupna sila iznosi 5.4N \u0161to je ve\u0107e od <strong>prose\u010dne radne sile ruke (5 N)<\/strong> \u2014 spoj bi bio stabilan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sila trenja gumenog sloja<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sila trenja zavisi od dve stvari: Ft=\u03bc\u00d7N<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>gde je:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u03bc \u2013 <strong>koeficijent trenja<\/strong> izme\u0111u gume i metala\/plastike,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N \u2013 <strong>normalna sila pritiska<\/strong> izme\u0111u povr\u0161ina (u ovom slu\u010daju, magnetna sila koja ih dr\u017ei).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Za gumene materijale u kontaktu s glatkom plastikom ili metalom:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>suva guma\u2013metal: \u03bc=0.6\u20130.8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>guma\u2013plastika (ABS, PVC): \u03bc=0.5\u20130.7 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Uze\u0107emo srednju vrednost: \u03bc=0.65<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N je sila kojom magnetne ivice pritiskaju jedna drugu.<br>Iz prethodnog dela znamo da magnet sam ostvaruje oko: N=Fm=1.4\u2009<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prora\u010dun sile trenja:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ft\u200b=\u03bc\u00d7N=0.65\u00d71.4=0.91N<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Samo gumeni sloj bez dodatnog pritiska daje otpor od oko <strong>0.9 N<\/strong>.<br>Korisnik <strong>dr\u017ei heklicu stisnutu prstima<\/strong>, pa dodatno pove\u0107ava normalnu silu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Prose\u010dna sila stiska prstiju (pri hvatanju olovke ili heklice):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nruka=5\u201310\u2009N<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ako se deo tog pritiska prenese na spoj (recimo samo 40%), Nukupno=1.4+0.4\u00d710=5.4\u2009N<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tada: Ft=0.65\u00d75.4=3.51\u2009N<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zaokru\u017eeno \u2014 <strong>4 N trenja<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Stabilnost spoja<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Moment sile koji bi mogao razdvojiti delove (ako se heklica rotira u ruci): M=F\u00d7dM = F \\times dM=F\u00d7d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>gde je d=5\u2009mm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Magnetni materijal mo\u017ee lako podneti taj moment ako su ivice precizno nalegle i kontaktna povr\u0161ina ravna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ergonomija i dodatak dr\u0161ke<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Posebna pa\u017enja posve\u0107ena je gumenom nastavku koji se navla\u010di preko spoja. Pored toga \u0161to osigurava konstrukciju, on pobolj\u0161ava udobnost i spre\u010dava klizanje ruke. Eksperimenti su pokazali da mek\u0161i materijali, poput silikona, daju bolje rezultate od tvrde gume jer se lak\u0161e prilago\u0111avaju obliku prstiju i omogu\u0107avaju du\u017ei rad bez zamora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Vizuelna analiza i funkcionalnost<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vizuelizacijom i prostornim modelovanjem potvr\u0111eno je da sistem \u201ebabu\u0161ki\u201c omogu\u0107ava jednostavno sklapanje i kompaktnost pri skladi\u0161tenju. Kada su svi segmenti spojeni, heklica funkcioni\u0161e kao jedinstven, stabilan predmet, dok se u rastavljenom stanju delovi mogu uredno smestiti jedan u drugi, \u0161to znatno smanjuje zapreminu kompleta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Potro\u0161nja materijala<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ukupni volumen (pune, 10 kom): 42.333 cm\u00b3<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ukupni volumen (\u0161uplje t=1 mm, 10 kom):<\/strong> <strong>19.902 cm\u00b3<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Apsolutna u\u0161teda volumena:<\/strong> 42.333\u221219.902=22.431&nbsp;cm<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Relativna u\u0161teda:<\/strong> \u2248 <strong>52.99 %<\/strong> manje materijala.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-10-220102.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1003\" height=\"632\" src=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-10-220102.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23965\" style=\"width:457px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-10-220102.png 1003w, https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-10-220102-300x189.png 300w, https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Screenshot-2025-10-10-220102-768x484.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1003px) 100vw, 1003px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Zaklju\u010dak i refleksija<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Analizom rezultata potvr\u0111eno je da je po\u010detna <strong>hipoteza<\/strong> bila ta\u010dna \u2014 modularni sistem heklice omogu\u0107ava <strong>u\u0161tede u materijalu<\/strong>, <strong>lak\u0161i transport<\/strong>, <strong>bolju ergonomiju<\/strong> i <strong>ve\u0107u fleksibilnost u upotrebi<\/strong>.<br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>U zavr\u0161noj fazi istra\u017eivanja analizirana je funkcionalnost i stabilnost modularne heklice kroz razli\u010dite varijacije dimenzija i spojeva. Cilj je bio da se proveri koliko sistem mo\u017ee da se prilago\u0111ava, koliko je prakti\u010dan za upotrebu i da li predlo\u017eeno re\u0161enje zaista donosi u\u0161tedu materijala i bolju ergonomiju u pore\u0111enju sa klasi\u010dnim modelima Variranje parametara U ovoj&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/modularna-heklica-faza-3\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Modularna heklica &#8211; faza 3<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":692,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[656],"tags":[],"coauthors":[684],"class_list":["post-23893","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-24-25-radovi","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23893","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/692"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23893"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23893\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24021,"href":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23893\/revisions\/24021"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23893"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23893"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23893"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.arhns.uns.ac.rs\/givsf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=23893"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}